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The Union for Democratic Action (UDA) was an American political organization advocating liberal policies and the preservation and extension of democratic values domestically and overseas.〔Zuckerman, ''The Wine of Violence: An Anthology on Anti-Semitism,'' 1947, p. 220.〕〔 It existed from 1941 to 1947, and was the precursor organization to the group Americans for Democratic Action. ==History== The Union for Democratic Action was co-founded by liberal theologian Reinhold Niebuhr (then a member of the Socialist Party of America), James Isaac Loeb (later an ambassador and diplomat in the John F. Kennedy administration), International Ladies Garment Workers Union official Murray Gross, actor Melvyn Douglas, and others at the Town Hall Club in New York City on May 10, 1941.〔〔Boyle, ''The UAW and the Heyday of American Liberalism, 1945-1968,'' 1998, p. 49.〕〔Brock, ''Americans for Democratic Action: Its Role in National Politics,'' 1962, p. 49; Parmet, ''The Master of Seventh Avenue: David Dubinsky and the American Labor Movement,'' 2005, p. 214.〕〔Brown, ''Niebuhr and His Age: Reinhold Niebuhr's Prophetic Role and Legacy,'' 2002, p. 102.〕〔Ceplair, "The Film Industry's Battle Against Left-Wing Influences, From the Russian Revolution to the Blacklist," ''Film History,'' 2008, 400-401.〕 The impetus for the formation of the UDA was the pacifism advocated by the Socialist Party, which many socialist intellectuals and left-wing activists felt was inappropriate given the threat to western democratic nations posed by Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany.〔Libros, ''Hard Core Liberals: A Sociological Analysis of the Philadelphia Americans for Democratic Action,'' 1975, p. 13.〕 Other leaders and members of the UDA came out of William Allen White's Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, which was becoming increasingly conservative.〔 The organization was explicitly pro-union, and barred political conservatives from membership.〔 The organization also explicitly barred communists from membership as well.〔〔Powers, ''Not Without Honor: The History of American Anticommunism,'' 1998, p. 200-201.〕 Neihbur was the organization's first and only chairperson.〔 Loeb was its Executive Director.〔 The organization was widely quoted, its members often held influential positions in the presidential administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and it strongly supported the Lend-Lease arms supply program.〔 But it was financially very weak and had only a handful of low-membership chapters on the East Coast.〔〔〔Brown, ''Niebuhr and His Age: Reinhold Niebuhr's Prophetic Role and Legacy,'' 2002, p. 103.〕 It had only one active chapter in 1944〔 and a mere 5,000 members in 1946.〔Beinart, ''The Good Fight: Why Liberals—and Only Liberals—Can Win the War on Terror and Make America Great Again,'' 2007, p. 4.〕 The organization was politically astute, however. It pioneered the use of the voting records of members of Congress as a means of swaying public opinion for or against its favored candidates.〔 The UDA undertook a major effort to support left-wing Democratic candidates for Congress in 1946.〔〔〔Halpern, ''UAW Politics in the Cold War Era,'' 1988, p. 138-139.〕 The defeat of a large number of Democrats in the 1946 elections prompted Loeb to advocate UDA's disbanding and the formation of a new, more broadly based, mass-membership organization.〔〔Libros, ''Hard Core Liberals: A Sociological Analysis of the Philadelphia Americans for Democratic Action,'' 1975, p. 22.〕 The Americans for Democratic Action was formed on January 4, 1947, and the UDA shuttered.〔Davis, ''The Civil Rights Movement,'' 2000, p. 27.〕〔〔Hambly, "The Liberals, Truman, and the FDR as Symbol and Myth," ''The Journal of American History,'' March 1970; Heale, ''American Anticommunism: Combating the Enemy Within, 1830-1970,'' 1990, p. 140.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Union for Democratic Action」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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